ABSTRACT: The development of Islam in Batavia (Jakarta now) is not only the struggle of scholars’ Haji (one who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca) of Batavia, but also the merit of scholars of Jakarta coming from Arab-Hadramaut. The study is aimed at identifying the Islamization process in Batavia and analysing the roles of “Habaib” in the Islamization process in the 17^thcentury. The method employed in the study was historical method by using four steps of main activities, i.e heuristic as a step to collect historical data; criticism as an activity to criticize the data; interpretation as a step to provide elucidation on data; and historiography as a phase of history writing. The result shows that the process of Islamization in Batavia was closely related to the beginning of Batavia conquering by Fatahillah or Fadhillah Khan in 1527 AD (Anno Domini). However, some writings have early criticized the theory stating that the growth of Islamization process in Batavia would be more appropriate if linked to Muslim sholars, such as Syekh Quro (Karawang), Datuk Ibrahim (Condet), Datu Biru (Jatinegara), Dato Tonggara (Cililitan), Mak Datu Tanjung Kait (Tangerang), and Kumpi Datu (Depok). In addition, in the 17^thcentury, the growth of Islamization process in Batavia increased since “Habaib” from Arab-Hadramaut had come to Batavia. Their existences were proved by the historical facts found in Batavia, they are site of Kampung Bandan and site of Kampung Luar Batang.

KEY WORDS: Habaib of Batavia; Process of Islamization; History of Muslims; Speech; Historical Sites.

About the Authors: Agus Permana and Mawardi are the Lecturers at the Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN SGD (State Islamic University, Sunan Gunung Djati) Bandung, Jalan A.H. Nasution No.105 Cipadung, Bandung 40614, West Java, Indonesia. For academic interests, the authors are able to be contacted via e-mails at: aguspermana978@gmail.com and mawardiyahya@gmail.com

Recommended Citation: Permana, Agus & Mawardi. (2017). “Habaib in Batavia in the 17^th Century: A Study on the Roles of Habaib in the Process of Islamization and Islamic Preaching” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.9(1), October, pp.23-32. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UIN SGD Bandung, ISSN 2085-0980.

Article Timeline: Accepted (August 17, 2017); Revised (September 19, 2017); and Published (October 28, 2017).

Habaib of Batavia; Process of Islamization; History of Muslims; Speech; Historical Sites

Algadri, Hamid. (1996). Islam dan Keturunan Arab dalam Pemberontakan Melawan Belanda. Bandung: Penerbit Mizan.

“Al-Habib Ali bin Husin Alatas: Habib Ali Bungur”. Available online at: https://ahlussunahwaljamaah.wordpress.com/manakib/al-habib-ali-bin-husin-alatas/ [accessed in Bandung, Indonesia: March 2, 2017].

“Al-Habib Salim bin Jindan, Sang Singa Podim: Biografi Habib Salim bin Djindan — Habib Salim bin Ahmad bin Husein bin Soleh bin Abdullah bin Jindan”. Available online at: http://www.majeliswalisongo.com/2016/04/biografi-habib-salim-bin-jindan-sang-singa-podium.html [accessed in Bandung, Indonesia: March 2, 2017].

“Ali bin Abdurrahman Kwitang”. Available online at: https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_bin_ Abdurrahman [accessed in Bandung, Indonesia: March 2, 2017].

al-Mansyur, I.A. (2010). Sejarah, Silsilah, dan Gelar Keturunan Nabi Muhammad di Indonesia, Singapura, Malaysia, Timur Tengah, India, dan Afrika. Jakarta: Saraz Publishing.

al-Qurtuby, Sumanto. (2017). “Arabs and ‘Indo-Arabs’ in Indonesia: Historical Dynamics, Social Relations, and Contemporary Changes” in International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 13(2), pp.45-72. Available online also at: http://ijaps.usm.my/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IJAPS-132_ART3.pdf [accessed in Bandung, Indonesia: August 5, 2017].

asy-Syatiri, Habib Yusuf Ali. (2008). Kampung Bandan: Masjid Al-Mukaramah dan Makam Keramat 3 Habib. Jakarta: t.p. [tanpa penerbit].

Aziz, Abdul. (2002). Islam dan Masyarakat Betawi. Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu.

Azra, Azyumardi. (2006). Islam in the Indonesian World: An Account of Institutional Formation. Bandung: Mizan Pustaka.

Azra, Azyumardi. (2007). Jaringan Ulama. Jakarta: Penerbit Kencana.

Berg, L.W.C. Van den. (1989). Hadramaut dan Koloni Arab di Nusantara. Jakarta: Penerbit INIS.

“Biografi Habib Salim bin Jindan: Sang Muhadits Nusantara”. Available online at: http://www.majeliswalisongo.com/2016/04/biografi-habib-salim-bin-jindan-sang-singa-podium.html [accessed in Bandung, Indonesia: March 2, 2017].

Bruinessen, Martin van. (2000). “Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani and the Qadiriyya in Indonesia” in Journal of the History of Sufism, Volume 1-2, pp.361-395. Available online also at: http://www.academia.edu/2543545/Shaykh_Abd_al-Qadir_al-Jilani [accessed in Bandung, Indonesia: March 2, 2017].

Castles, Lance. (1967). “The Ethnic Profile of Jakarta” in Indonesia, Volume I [April]. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.

de Haan, F. (1910-1912). Priangan: De Preanger Regentschappen Onder het Nederlandsch Bestuur tot 1811, Deel 1-4. Batavia: Kolff.

de Jonge, H. (1997). “Dutch Colonial Policy Pertaining to Hadhrami Immigrants” in U. Freitag & W.G. Clarence-Smith [eds]. Hadhrami Traders, Scholars, and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s — 1960s. Leiden: Brill, pp.94-110.

Fadli, A. (2011). Ulama Betawi: Studi tentang Jaringan Ulama Betawi dan Kontribusinya terhadap Perkembangan Islam Abad ke-19 dan 20. Jakarta: Manhalun Nasyiin Press.

Gottschalk, Louis. (1975). Mengerti Sejarah. Jakarta: Penerbit UI [Universitas Indonesia] Press, Translation.

Guba, S.E. & S. Yvonna. (1984). Naturalistic Inquiry. London: Sage Pulications.

Hasymi, A. (1993). Masuk dan Berkembangnya Islam di Indonesia. Bandung: Penerbit Ma’arif.

Heiss, J. & M. Slama. (2010). “Genealogical Avenues, Long-Distance Flows, and Social Hierarchy: Hadrami Migrants in the Indonesian Diaspora” in Anthropology of the Middle East, 5(1), pp.34-53.

Heuken S.J., Adolf. (2003). Tempat-tempat Bersejarah di Jakarta. Jakarta: Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka, Translation.

Kartodirdjo, Sartono. (1992). Pendekatan Ilmu Sosial dalam Metodologi Sejarah. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.

Kuntowijoyo. (1997). Pengantar Ilmu Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Bentang.

“Manaqib Habib Husein bin Abu Bakar Alaydrus (Luar Batang)”. Available online at: https://ahlulbaitrasulullah.blogspot.co.id/2013/10/ [accessed in Bandung, Indonesia: April 15, 2017].

Mauladdawilah, Abdul Qadir Umar. (2011). 17 Habib Berpengaruh di Indonesia. Malang: Pustaka Bayan.

“Membaca Sejarah Masjid Al-Mukarromah di Kampung Bandan”. Available online at: http://www.tribunnews.com/ramadan/2014/07/02 [accessed in Bandung, Indonesia: May 20, 2017].

Misra, S.C. (1964). Muslim Communities in Gujarat: Preliminary Studies in Their History and Social Organization. London: Cop Publication.

Murti, A.R. (2016). “Mengenal Al-Habib Husein bin Abu Bakar Alaydrus” in Sindo News, on 7 May.

Reid, Anthony. (1993). Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.

Ricklefs, M.C. (2011). Sejarah Indonesia Modern. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, Translation, tenth edition.

Rohmah, Aminatur. (2015). “Observasi dan Wawancara: Pengumpulan Data Kualitatif dengan Metode yang Pertama”. Available online at: https://www.kompasiana.com/ina.rohmah/observasi-dan-wawancara [accessed in Bandung, Indonesia: May 20, 2017].

Shahab, Alwi. (2004). Saudagar Baghdad dari Batavia. Jakarta: Penerbit Republika.

Shahab, Alwi. (2017). “Penyebaran Islam di Batavia Ditentang Bangsawan Pajajaran”. Available online at: http://www.republika.co.id/berita/selarung/nostalgia-abah-alwi [accessed in Bandung, Indonesia: August 17, 2017].

Shahab, Yasmine [ed]. (1997). Betawi dalam Perspektif Kontemporer: Perkembangan, Potensi, dan Tantangannya. Jakarta: Penerbit LKB [Lembaga Kebudayaan Betawi].

Saidi, Ridwan. (2008). “Tinjauan Kritis Penyebaran Islam di Jakarta: Kepercayan Penduduk Krajan Merin Salakanagara pada Awal Abad Masehi di Bekasi”. Makalah dalam Seminar Meluruskan Sejarah Islam di Indonesia, diselenggarakan oleh IKIP [Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan] Muhammadiyah di Jakarta.

Sjamsuddin, Helius. (2007). Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.

Tjandrasasmita, Uka. (1977). Jakarta Raya dan Sekitarnya: Dari Zaman Pra Sejarah hingga Kerajaan Pajajaran. Jakarta: Jakarta: Dinas Museum dan Sejarah DKI [Daerah Khusus Ibukota] Jakarta.

Tjandrasasmita, Uka. (1981). Sejarah Jakarta: Dari Jaman Prasejarah sampai Batavia. Jakarta: Dinas Museum dan Sejarah DKI [Daerah Khusus Ibukota] Jakarta.

Tjandrasasmita, Uka. (2009). “Masyarakat Jakarta sebelum Batavia” in Arkeologi Islam Nusantara. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.

Tjandrasasmita, Uka & Hee Sook Lee-Niinioja. (2008). Islamic Monument of Sendang Duwur: Reflection of Cultural Tolerance, Communication of Cultural Heritage. Jakarta: Novel & Noble.

Zahorka, Herwig. (2007). The Sunda Kingdom of West Java: From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with the Royal Center of Bogor. Jakarta: Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka.

Zein al-Habsyi, Al-Allamah al-Habib Ahmad bin. (2015). Al-Risalah al-Jami’ah wa al-Tazkirah al-Nafiah. Ciputat, Tangerang: Penerbit Putera Bumi.