Menghidupkan Semula Semangat Nusantara Melalui Pengajian Sejarah Maritim di Alam Melayu

Ismail Ali

Abstract


IKHTISAR: Sejarah telah membuktikan bahawa laut di kepulauan Asia Tenggara telah memainkan peranan yang cukup penting dalam pembinaan peradaban di Alam Melayu ini, seperti yang pernah dibuktikan oleh kerajaan Srivijaya dan Majapahit di Indonesia; Kesultanan Melayu Melaka di Malaysia; Kesultanan Brunei di Negara Brunei Darussalam; dan Kesultanan Sulu di Filipina. Untuk merealisasikan misi dan visi penyatuan nasion di rantau Asia Tenggara atau Alam Melayu ini, maka satu anjakan paradigma dalam polisi pemerintah dan minda rakyat perlu dilakukan terlebih dahulu, melalui proses penyelidikan dan pendidikan, yakni melihat laut sebagai penyatu bukan pemisah. Dalam kerangka yang lebih besar pula, semua nasion di rantau ini perlu memupuk satu semangat dan kesedaran bahawa sejarah dan budaya maritim di kepulauan Alam Melayu adalah milik dan warisan bersama. Ini bertujuan untuk menghidupkan semula perkongsian warisan sejarah, kebudayaan, dan kesenian maritim; menyedarkan rakyat di rantau ini bahawa laut pada hakikatnya mampu mempersatukan nasion; dan memperlihatkan kepada dunia akan intim dan kuatnya hubungan baik antara negara-bangsa di rantau Asia Tenggara atau Alam Melayu ini.

KATA KUNCI: Semangat Nusantara, sejarah maritim, integrasi negara-bangsa, alam Melayu, dan kebudayaan warisan bersama.

ABSTRACT: This paper entitled “Reviving the Spirit of Archipelago Through the Maritime Historical Studies in the Malay World”. History has shown that ocean in Southeast Asia islands has played a pretty important role in the development of civilization in the Malay world, as has been proved by the Srivijaya and Majapahit kingdoms in Indonesia; the Sultanate of Malacca in Malaysia; Sultanate of Brunei in Brunei Darussalam; and the Sultanate of Sulu in the Philippines. To realize the vision and mission of national integration in Southeast Asia, or the Malay World, then, a paradigm shift in government policy and the mindset of the people needs to be done in advance, through research and education, by looking the sea as a unifying, not as dividing matter. In a larger framework, all of nation-states in the region and to foster a spirit as well as awareness that the history and culture of maritime in Malay archipelago are owned and collective heritages. This partnership aims to revive the historical heritage, culture, arts, and maritime; awareness of the people in this region that the sea in fact capable of national unite; and showing to the world about the intimate and strong relationship between the nation-states in Southeast Asia or the Malay world .

KEY WORD: The spirit of the archipelago, maritime history, the nation-state integration, the Malay, and cultural heritage owned together.

About the Author: Prof. Madya Dr. Ismail Ali ialah Pensyarah Kanan di Program Sejarah, Sekolah Sains Sosial UMS (Universiti Malaysia Sabah) di Kota Kinabalu; dan sekarang menjawat selaku Pengarah UMS-KAL (Universiti Malaysia Sabah — Kampus Antarabangsa Labuan) di Malaysia. Bagi urusan sebarang akademik, alamat emel penulis adalah: ismailrc@ums.edu.my

How to cite this article? Ali, Ismail. (2013). “Menghidupkan Semula Semangat Nusantara Melalui Pengajian Sejarah Maritim di Alam Melayu” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.1(2), September, pp.193-212. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808.

Chronicle of the article: Accepted (July 30, 2013); Revised (August 31, 2013); and Published (September 30, 2013).


Full Text:

PDF

References


Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1974). Introduction to Filipina History. Quezon City: Garotech Publishing.

Ali, Ismail. (2013). “Perburuan Hamba, Laun, dan Kempen Penghapusan Lanun di Sarawak: Perspektif Sejarah Maritim” dalam SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, 1(1) Maret, ms.27-40. Tersedia pula di: www.susurgalur-jurnal.com

Andaya, Leonard Y. (1990). The Heritage of Arung Palaka: A History of South Sulawesi (Celebes) in the Seventeenth Century. Leiden: KITLV Press.

Aughton, Peter. (2007). Voyages that Changed the World. London: Quercus Publishing Plc.

Belcher, Edward. (1848). Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Samarang during the Years 1843-1846, Vol.2. London: Reeve, Benham & Reeve.

Coedes, George. (1971). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Dick-Read, Robert. (2008). Penjelajah Bahari: Pengaruh Peradaban Nusantara di Afrika. Bandung: PT Mizan Pustaka, Terjemahan.

Djamil, Agus S. (2004). Al-Qur’an dan Lautan. Bandung: PT Mizan Pustaka.

Embong, Abdul Rahman. (2001). Negara-Bangsa: Proses dan Perbahasan. Bangi: Penerbit UKM [Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia].

Forrest, Thomas. (1969). A Voyage to New Guinea and the Moluccas from Balambangan, including an Account of Magindanao, Soloo, and Other Islands. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

Fukuyama, Francis. (1992). The End of History. New York: The Free Press.

Hajad, Julasari. (2007). Tausug & Kesultanan Sulu. Selangor: RNH Marketing Sdn. Bhd.

Hall, Kenneth R. (1985). Maritime Trade and State Development in Early Southeast Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Johnson, Derek & Mark Valencia. (2005). Piracy in Southeast Asia: Status, Issues, and Responses. Singapore: ISEAS Publications.

Keppel, Henry. (1874). The Expedition to Borneo of H.M.S. Dido for the Suppression of Piracy with Extracts from the Journal of James Brooke of Sarawak, Vol.2. London: Reeve, Benham & Reeve, 3rd edition.

Lapian, Adrian B. (1991). “Sejarah Nusantara, Sejarah Bahari”. Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar Tidak Diterbitkan. Depok: Fakultas Sastra UI [Universitas Indonesia].

Lapian, Adrian B. (2008). Pelayaran dan Perniagaan Nusantara Abad ke-16 dan 17. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.

Lapian, Adrian B. (2009). Orang Laut, Bajak Laut, Raja Laut: Sejarah Kawasan Laut Sulawesi Abad XIX. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.

Lemlit UNDIP [Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Diponegoro]. (2010). Sejarah Maritim Indonesia: Menelusuri Jiwa Bahari Bangsa Indonesia Hingga Abad ke-17. Semarang: Pusat Kajian Sejarah dan Budaya Maritim Asia Tenggara, Lembaga Penelitian UNDIP (Universitas Diponegoro) bekerjasama dengan Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan RI (Republik Indonesia).

Levathes, Louise E. (1994). When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405-1433. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mahan, Alfred Thayer. (1965). The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1600-1783. London: Methuen University Paperbacks.

Majul, Caser Adib. (1978). Muslim in the Philippines. Manila: Saint Mary’s Publishing.

Mohd Ariff, Mohammad Raduan & Shahril Talib. (1995). “Penulisan dan Realiti Sejarah Asia Tenggara: Satu Persoalan” dalam Jurnal Pengajian Asia Tenggara. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Pengajian Asia Tenggara UM [Universiti Malaya].

Munoz, Paul Michel. (2006). Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula. Singapore: Mainland Press.

Ohmae, Kenichi. (1995). The Ends of the Nation-State: The Rise of Regional Economics. New York: The Free Press.

Pelras, Christian. (2006). Manusia Bugis. Jakarta: Penerbit Nalar, Terjemahan.

Plato. (1987). The Republic. London: Penguin Books, Terjemahan.

Raleigh, Sir Walter. (1971). The History of the World. London: University Paperbacks.

Reber, Anne. (1966). “The Sulu World in the 18th and Early 19th Centuries: A Historiographical Problem in British Writings on Malay Piracy”. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University.

Reid, Anthony. (1988). Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680, Vol.1: The Lands below the Winds. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Reid, Anthony. (2000). Charting the Shape of Early Modern Southeast Asia. Singapore: ISEAS [Institute of South East Asian Studies].

Reid, Anthony. (2004). Sejarah Modern Awal Asia Tenggara. Jakarta: Pustaka LP3ES, Terjemahan.

Roelofsz, Melink. (1979). Asian Trade and European Influence in the Indonesian Archipelago between 1500 and about 1630. The Hague: Nijhoff.

Rutter, Owen. (1930). The Pirate Wind: Tales of the Sea-Robbers of Malaya. London: Hutchinson & Co.

Sather, Clifford. (1997). The Bajau Laut: Adaptation, History, and Fate in a Maritime Fishing Society of South-Eastern Sabah. Kota Kinabalu: Penerbit UMS [Universiti Sabah Malaysia].

Sazlan, Iskandar. (2000). Laporan Suruhanjaya Bebas Kelautan Dunia. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit MIMA [Malaysian Institute of Malaysia].

Shaffer, Lynda Norene. (1996). Maritime Southeast Asia to 1500. New York: M.E. Sharpe Inc.

Sopher, David E. (1965). The Sea Nomads: A Study of the Maritime Boat People of Southeast Asia. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press.

Tarling, Nicholas. (1990). Piracy and Politics in the Malay World: A Study of British Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century South East Asia. Singapore: Donald Moore Gallery.

Van Leur, J.C. (1960). Indonesian Trade and Society: Essays in Asian Social and Economic History. Bandung: Sumur Bandung.

Vlekke, Bernard H.M. (2008). Nusantara: Sejarah Indonesia. Jakarta: Gramedia, Terjemahan.

Wallace, Alfred. (1962). The Malay Archipelago. New York: Dova Publications.

Warren, James F. (1981). The Sulu Zone, 1768-1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery, and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a Southeast Asian Maritime State. Singapore: Singapore University Press.

Warren, James F. (2002). Iranun and Balangingi: Globalization, Maritime Raiding, and the Birth of Ethnicity. Singapore: Singapore University Press.

Wolters, O.W. (1967). Early Indonesian Commerce: A Study of the Origin of Srivijaya. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.

Wolters, O.W. (1970). The Fall of Srivijaya in Malay History. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.

Zacot, Francois Robert. (2009). Orang Bajo: Suku Pengembara Laut. Kota Kinabalu:Penerbit UMS [Universiti Malaysia Sabah].