RESUME: Kajian ini menganalisis sejarah pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur” di Malaysia antara tahun 1970 hingga 1976. Ia merupakan tempoh pentadbiran Tun Abdul Razak. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah berdasarkan penelitian terhadap sumber-sumber yang diperolehi di Perpustakaan dan Arkib Negara Malaysia. Dalam tempoh lebih satu dekad selepas tahun 1945, tidak terdapat hubungan bilateral secara rasmi antara Jepun dan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, kerana Tanah Melayu di bawah pendudukan British semula. Hubungan bilateral secara rasmi antara Persekutuan Tanah Melayu dengan Jepun hanya bermula apabila Kishi Nobosuke melawat Persekutuan Tanah Melayu pada tarikh 24 dan 25 November 1957. Hubungan ekonomi Malaysia dan Jepun diteruskan semasa zaman pentadbiran Tun Abdul Razak, apabila Bantuan Pembangunan Rasmi atau ODA (Official Development Assistance) Jepun disalurkan ke Malaysia bagi membiayai sebahagian besar projek pembangunan negara. Pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur” dilihat tidak mungkin lenyap selepas Perang Dunia II (1939-1945) sehingga tempoh pentadbiran Tun Hussein Onn, suatu jarak masa panjang selama 34 tahun. Semasa Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad meneruskan kesinambungan pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur”, yang membawa kepada pembentukan “Dasar Pandang ke Timur”, pelaburan Jepun di negara ini telahpun berkembang pesat dengan Jepun muncul sebagai rakan dagang utama Malaysia. Ini membawa kepada kepentingan kajian berkenaan dilakukan, kerana tiada kajian sebelumnya yang pernah merungkai sejarah pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur” semasa zaman pentadbiran Tun Abdul Razak.

KATA KUNCI: Ekonomi, Jepun, pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur”, Malaysia, hubungan bilateral, pentadbiran Tun Abdul Razak, dan rakan dagang utama.

ABSTRACT: “The History of the Look to the East’s Idea during the Era of Tun Abdul Razak”. This study analyzes the history of the “Look to the East” idea in Malaysia between 1970 to 1976. It is the period of Tun Abdul Razak administration. The method used in this study is based on the method of observation of the resources available at the Library and the National Archives of Malaysia. Over a decade after 1945, there were no official bilateral relations between Japan and the Federation of Malaya, due to Malaya under British occupation again. Official bilateral relation between the Federation of Malaya and Japan only starts when Kishi Nobosuke visit the Federation of Malaya on 24 and 25 November 1957. Malaysia and Japan economic relations continued during the administration of Tun Abdul Razak, when Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) channeled to Malaysia to finance the bulk of the country's development projects. The “Look to the East” idea seen unlikely to fade after the Second World War (1939-1945) until the period of Tun Hussein Onn administration, a long time period for 34 years. When Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad continued the “Look to the East” idea, that led to the formation of the “Look to the East Policy”, Japanese investment in the country has grown with Japan emerged as Malaysia’s major trading partner. This leads to the importance of this study, due to there are no previous study tracing the history of the “Look to the East” idea during the administration of Tun Abdul Razak.

KEY WORD: Economics, Japan, idea of “Look to the East”, Malaysia, bilateral relation, administration of Tun Abdul Razak, and major trading partner.

About the Author: Dr. Uqbah Iqbal ialah Penyelidik di Pusat Pengajian Sejarah, Politik dan Strategi, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Kampus UKM, 43650 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Bagi urusan sebarang akademik, penulis boleh dihubungi dengan alamat emel: uqbah@siswa.ukm.edu.my

How to cite this article? Iqbal, Uqbah. (2015). “Sejarah Pemikiran Pandang ke Timur Semasa Era Tun Abdul Razak” in SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Vol.8(2) November, pp.205-216. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UNIPA Surabaya, ISSN 1979-0112.

Chronicle of the article: Accepted (August 31, 2015); Revised (October 5, 2015); and Published (November 30, 2015).

ekonomi; Jepun; pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur”; Malaysia; hubungan bilateral; pentadbiran Tun Abdul Razak; rakan dagang utama

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