Ontologi Pendidikan IPS sebagai Disiplin Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan

Mohammad Imam Farisi

Abstract


RESUME: Kejelasan dan kepastian objek kajian atau studi merupakan salah satu prasyarat pokok bagi Pendidikan IPS (Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial), sebagai disiplin ilmu, didalam mengembangkan tubuh pengetahuannya. Sementara itu, salah satu aspek mendasar dari Pendidikan IPS, sebagai disiplin ilmiah, adalah aspek ontologi atau objek studi formal dan material. Sejauh ini, kajian spesifik terhadapnya belum intensif dilakukan. Sehingga, untuk membangun dan mengembangkan “body of knowledge” Pendidikan IPS yang utuh dan menjadikannya sebuah disiplin yang mandiri dan menyediakan fondasi, kaidah-kaidah, dan standar-standar bersama bagi aktivitas penelitian, masih belum terwujud. Artikel ini mengkaji eksemplar-eksemplar hasil pemikiran dan penelitian tentang Pendidikan IPS secara luas tentang tradisi/paradigma Pendidikan IPS sebagai model konseptual untuk merekonstruksi objek-objek studi Pendidikan IPS. Kajian secara khusus difokuskan pada objek-objek studi terkait dengan konten kurikulum; dan objek studi yang relatif baru, yang belum banyak dikaji, yaitu sejarah perkembangan pemikiran Pendidikan IPS dan komunitas profesional Pendidikan IPS, yang merupakan objek kajian dalam studi sosiologi ilmiah. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat menginspirasi para peneliti khsususnya, dan komunitas profesional Pendidikan IPS umumnya, untuk lebih intensif mengeksplorasi bidang-bidang dan objek-objek studi Pendidikan IPS lain, yang masih merupakan “enigma” bagi pengembangan disiplin Pendidikan IPS.

KATA KUNCI: Ontologi, pendidikan IPS, disiplin ilmu, hasil pemikiran dan penelitian, objek studi, komunitas profesional, dan pendidikan kewarganegaraan.

ABSTRACT: “The Ontology of Social Studies Education as a Discipline of Civics Education”. Clarity and certainty object of study or the study is one of the basic prerequisites for Social Studies Education, as a discipline, in developing its body of knowledge. Meanwhile, one of the fundamental aspects of Social Studies Education, as a scientific discipline, is an aspect of ontology or the formal and material objects of study. So far, the specific studies are not intensive to be done. Thus, to build and develop a body of knowledge of Social Studies Education completely and make it an autonomous discipline, which provides the foundation, rules, and common standards for research activities, are still not realized. This article examines the examplars of the ideas and research on Social Studies Education traditions or paradigms widely as a conceptual model to reconstruct objects of study of Social Studies Education. Specifically, the study focused on the objects of study related to curriculum content; and new objects of study that has not been much studied such as the history of the development of Social Studies Education’s thought and professional community of Social Studies Education, which is an object of study in scientific sociology. This study is expected to inspire researchers and professional community of Social Studies Education to explore of other objects more intensive, that are still an “enigma” for the development of Social Studies Education as a scientific discipline.

KEY WORD: Ontology, Social Studies education, scientific discipline, ideas and research results, objects of study, professional community, and civics education.

About the Author: Dr. Mohammad Imam Farisi adalah Dosen di Jurusan Pendidikan IPS (Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial), Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan UPBJJ-UT (Unit Pendidikan Belajar Jarak Jauh — Universitas Terbuka) Surabaya, Kampus C UNAIR (Universitas Airlangga) di Kota Surabaya 60115, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Alamat e-mail: imamfarisi@ut.ac.id

How to cite this article? Farisi, Mohammad Imam. (2015). “Ontologi Pendidikan IPS sebagai Disiplin Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan” in SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Vol.8(1) Mei, pp.115-130. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press, UNHAS Makassar, and UNIPA Surabaya, ISSN 1979-0112.

Chronicle of the article: Accepted (August 31, 2014); Revised (January 2, 2015); and Published (May 30, 2015).


Full Text:

PDF

References


Alleman, J. & J. Brophy. (1999). Current Trends and Practices in Social Studies Assessment for the Early Grades. Virginia: NCSS [National Council for Social Studies].

Back, I.L. & G. McKeown. (1991). “Substantive and Methodological Considerations for Productive Textbooks Analysis” dalam J.P. Shaver [ed]. Handbook of Research on Social Studies Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, hlm.496-512.

Banks, J.A. (1984). Teaching Strategies for Ethnic Studies. Masschussetts: Allyn & Bacon, Inc., 3rd edition.

Banks, J.A. (1990). “Citizenship Education for a Pluralistic Democratic Society” dalam The Social Studies, 81(5), hlm.210-214.

Banks, J.A. (1991). “Multicultural Education: Its Effects on Students’ Racial and Gender Role Attitudes” dalam J.P. Shaver [ed]. Handbook of Research on Social Studies Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, hlm.459-469.

Banks, J.A. (1995). “Transformative Challenges to the Social Sciences Disciplines: Implications for Social Studies Teaching and Learning” dalam Theory and Research in Social Education, XXIII(1), hlm.2-20.

Barr, R.D., J.L. Barth & S.S. Shermis. (1977). Defining the Social Studies. Virginia: NCSS [National Council for Social Studies].

Barr, R.D., J.L. Barth & S.S. Shermis. (1978). The Nature of the Social Studies. Palm Spring, CA: ETC Publications.

Barth, J.L. (1991). “Beliefs that Discipline the Social Studies” dalam International Journal of Social Education, 6(2), hlm.19-24.

Bassey, U. & C.P. Okon. (2012). “Educators’ Predisposition to Conceptual Perspectives in Achieving Citizenship Education Goal of Social Studies” dalam International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(5), hlm.222-229.

Becker, J.M. (1965). “Emerging Trends in the Social Studies” dalam Educational Leadership, 22(5), hlm.317-359.

Brubaker, D., L.H. Simon & J.W. William. (1977). “A Conceptual Framework for Social Studies Curriculum and Instruction” dalam Social Education, 41, hlm.201-205.

Cherryholmes, C.H. (1991). “Critical Research Social Studies Education” dalam J.P. Shaver [ed]. Handbook of Research on Social Studies Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, hlm.41-55.

Cornbleth, C. (1985). “Critical Thinking and Cognitive Processes” dalam W.B. Stanley [ed]. Review of Research in Social Studies Education, 1976-1983. New York: NCSS [National Council for Social Studies], hlm.11-64.

Cornbleth, C. (1991). “Research on Context, Research in Context” dalam J.P. Shaver [ed]. Handbook of Research on Social Studies Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, hlm.265-275.

Dunn, A.W. (2004). “Community Civics and Rural Life” dalam The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Tersedia juga online di: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5088 [diakses di Surabaya, Indonesia: 16 Mei 2014].

Dunn, A.W. (2007). Community Civics for City Schools. Boston, New York etc.: D.C. Heath & Co. Tersedia juga online di: http://www.arcliive.org/details/community.civics.OOfieliala [diakses di Surabaya, Indonesia: 16 Mei 2014].

Engle, S.H. (1977). “Comments of Shirley Engle” dalam R.D. Barr, J.L. Barth, & S.S. Shermis [eds]. Defining the Social Studies. Virginia: NCSS [National Council for the Social Studies], hlm.103-104.

Evans, R.W. (2004). The Social Studies Wars: What Should We Teach the Children? USA [United States of America]: Teachers College, Columbia University.

Fullinwider, R.K. (1991). “Philosophical Inquiry and Social Studies” dalam J.P. Shaver [ed]. Handbook of Research on Social Studies Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, hlm.16-26.

Goodman, J. & S. Adler. (1985). “Becoming an Elementary Social Studies Teacher” dalam Theory and Research in Education, 13, hlm.21-42.

Hahn, C.L. (1991). “Controversial Issues in Social Studies” dalam J.P. Shaver [ed]. Handbook of Research on Social Studies Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, hlm.460-482.

Hertzberg, H.W. (1981). Social Studies Reform, 1880-1980. Boulder, CO: Social Studies Education Consortium.

Hunt, M.P. & L.E. Metcalf. (1966). Teaching High School Social Studies: Problems in Reflective Thinking and Social Understanding. New York: Harper & Brothers Publisher.

Jantz, R.K. & K. Klawitter. (1985). ”Early Childhood/Elementary Social Studies: A Review of Recent Research” dalam W.B. Stanley [ed]. Review of Research in Social Studies Eucation, 1976-1983. New York: NCSS [National Council for Social Studies], hlm.65-122.

Jarolimek, J. & W.C. Parker. (1993). Social Studies in Elementary School. New York: Mc Millan Publishing Co, Ltd., 9th edition.

Katz, J. (1954). “The Social Objects in the Social Studies” dalam The School Review, 62(1), hlm.34-39.

Kuhn, Thomas S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. London: The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., 2nd edition enlarged.

Lee, D. (2000). “Transformative Citizenship: A Redefinition of Citizenship in a Multicultural Society” dalam The SNU Journal of Education Research, 10(6), hlm.1-17.

Lybarger, M. (1983). “Origins of the Modern Social Studies, 1900-1916” dalam History of Education Quarterly, 23(4), hlm.455-468.

Lybarger, M. (1991). “The Historiography of Social Studies” dalam J.P. Shaver [ed]. Handbook of Research on Social Studies Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan, hlm.345-356.

Maritain, J. (2005). An Introduction to Philosophy. USA [United States of America]: Rowman & Littlefield Publisher, Inc.

Martorella, P.H. (1985). Elementary Social Studies: Developing Reflective, Competent, and Concerned Citizens. Boston-Toronto: Little, Brown & Company.

Martorella, P.H. (1996). Teaching Social Studies in Middle and Secondary Schools. New York: Merrill.

Massialas, B.G. & C.C. Benjamin. (1966). Inquiry in Social Studies. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Michaelis, J.U. (1985). Social Studies for Children. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

Mulligan, K. (2006). “Facts, Formal Objects, and Ontology” dalam A. Bottani & R. Davies [eds]. Modes of Existence: Papers in Ontology and Philosophical Logic. USA [United States of America]: Ontos Verlag, hlm.31-46.

NCSS [National Council for Social Studies]. (1994). Expectations of Excellence: Curriculum Standards for Social Studies. Washington: National Council for Social Studies.

NCSS [National Council for Social Studies]. (2010). National Curriculum Standards for Social Studies: A Framework for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment. Silver Spring, MD: National Council for Social Studies.

Nelson, J.L. (1980). “Dissident Literature and Social Education” dalam ERIC Clearinghouse, Document No.ED 049 082-SO 000 551.

Nelson, J.L. (2001). “Defining Social Studies” dalam W.B. Stanley [ed]. Critical Issues in Social Studies Research for the 21st Century. USA [United States of America]: Information Age Publishing, hlm.15-38.

Oliver, D. & J. Shaver. (1966). Teaching Public Issues in High School. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co.

Parker, W.C. (1991). “Achieving Thinking and Decision-Making Objectives in Social Studies” dalam J.P. Shaver [ed]. Handbook of Research on Social Studies Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan, hlm.345-356.

Parker, W.C. (2008). “Knowing and Doing in Democratic Citizenship Education” dalam L.S. Levstik & C.A. Tyson [eds]. Handbook of Research in Social Studies Education. NewYork: Routledge, hlm.65-80.

Parker, W. & J. Jarolimek. (1984). “Citizenship and the Critical Role of the Social Studies” dalam NCSS Bulletin, 72. Washington: NCSS [National Council for Social Studies].

Passe, J. (1988). “The Role of Internal Factors in the Teaching of Current Events” dalam Theory and Research in Social Education, XVI(1), Winter, hlm.83-89.

Reuben, J.A. (1997). “Beyond Politics: Community Civics and the Redefinition of Citizenship in the Progressive Era” dalam History of Education Quarterly, 37(4), hlm.399-420.

Ritter, J.K. et al. (2011). “Reifying the Ontology of Individualism at the Expense of Democracy: An Examination of University Supervisors' Written Feedback to Student Teachers” dalam Teacher Education Quarterly, 38(1), hlm.29-46.

Ritzer, G. (1975). “Sociology: A Multiple Paradigm Science” dalam The American Sociologist, 10, hlm.156-167.

Ross, E. Wayne. (2006). “The Struggle for the Social Studies Curriculum” dalam E. Wayne Rose [ed]. The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities. New York, Albany: SUNY [State University of New York] Press, 3rd edition.

Saglam, H.I. (2011). “An Investigation on Teaching Materials Used in Social Studies Lesson” dalam TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(1), hlm.36-44.

Sanusi, A. (1998). Pendidikan Alternatif: Menyentuh Aras Dasar Persoalan Pendidikan dan Kemasyarakatan. Bandung: PPs IKIP [Program Pascasarjana, Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan] Bandung dan Grafindo Media Pratama, editor D. Supriadi & R. Mulyana.

Saxe, D.W. (1991). Social Studies in Schools: A History of the Early Years. New York: SUNY [State University of New York] Press.

Schuncke, G.M. (1988). Elementary Social Studies: Knowing, Doing, Caring. New York, Toronto: Macmillan Publishing Company & Collier Macmillan Publishers.

Shaver, J.P. [ed]. (1991). Handbook of Research on Social Studies Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Somantri, M.N. (2001). Menggagas Pembaharuan Pendidikan IPS. Bandung: PPs-FPIPS UPI [Program Pascasarjana — Fakultas Pedidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia] dan PT Remadja Rosda Karya, editor Dedi Supriadi & Rohmat Mulyana.

Spaline, J.E. (1991). “The Mass Media as an Influence on Social Studies” dalam J.P. Shaver [ed]. Handbook of Research on Social Studies Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, hlm.300-309.

Stanley, W.B. (1985a). “Research in Social Education: Issues and Approaches” dalam W.B. Stanley [ed]. Review of Research in Social Studies Education, 1976-1983. Boulder, Colorado, Washington, DC: ERIC, NCSS & SSEC, hlm.1-8.

Stanley, W.B. (1985b). “New Research in Social Studies Foundation” dalam W.B. Stanley [ed]. Review of Research in Social Studies Education, 1976-1983. Boulder, Colorado, Washington, DC: ERIC, NCSS & SSEC, hlm.309-400.

Superka, D.P. & S.D. Hawke. (1982). ”Social Roles: A Focus for Social Studies in the 1980s” dalam I. Morrisett [ed]. Social Studies in the 1980s. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, hlm.119-130.

Todorov, K.R. & B. Brousseau. (1998). Authentic Assessment of Social Studies. USA [United States of America]: The State Administrative Board, State of Michigan.

Vinson, K.V. & E.W. Ross. (2001). “In Search of the Social Studies Curriculum: Standardization, Diversity, and a Conflict of Appearances” dalam W.B. Stanley [ed]. Critical Issues in Social Studies Research for the 21st Century. USA [United States of America]: Information Age Publishing, hlm.39-72.

Wallen, N.E. & J.R. Fraenkel. (1988). ”An Analysis of Social Studies Research Over an Eight Year Period” dalam Theory and Research in Social Education, XVI(1), hlm.1-22.

Wesley, E.B. (1942). Teaching the Social Studies. Boston: D.C. Heath and Company, 2nd edition.

Wesley, E.B. (1946). Teaching Social Studies in Elementary Schools. Boston: D.C. Heath and Company.

Wesley, E.B. & Stanley P. Wronski. (1950). Teaching Social Studies in High Schools. Boston: D.C. Heath and Company, 3rd edition.

White, J.J. (1991). “What Works for Teacher: A Review of Ethnographic Research Studies as They Inform Issues on Social Studies Education” dalam W.B. Stanley [ed]. Review of Research in Social Studies Education, 1976-1983. Boulder, Colorado, Washington, DC: ERIC, NCSS & SSEC, hlm.215-308.

Winataputra, U.S. (2001). “Jatidiri Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebagai Wahana Sistemik Pendidikan Demokrasi: Suatu Kajian Konseptual dalam Konteks Pendidikan IPS”. Disertasi Doktor Tidak Diterbitkan. Bandung: PPs-UPI [Program Pascasarjana — Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia].

Zevin, J. (1992). Social Studies for the Twenty-First Century. New York & London: Longman.




SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan is published by Minda Masagi Press. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 4.0.