RESUME: Tsunami adalah bencana yang mengancam pantai di seluruh dunia, yang berlaku dalam semua lautan di dunia, termasuk Mediterranean, Atlantik, India, Pasifik, dan juga di tasik-tasik besar. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti impak tsunami ke atas negara-negara di persisiran Lautan Pasifik. Data kajian diperolehi daripada NOAA (“National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration” atau Pengurusan Atmosfir dan Lautan Kebangsaan) dalam “National Geophysical Data Center” atau Pusat Data Geofisik Kebangsaan. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk deskriptif dan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS (“Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” atau Paket Statistik bagi Sains Sosial). Fokus analisis adalah pada data tsunami yang berlaku di 18 negeri di pesisiran Lautan Pasifik, yang mengalami kejadian gempa bumi dasar laut berukuran > 6.1 pada skala Richter. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa skala magnitud yang paling tinggi pernah dicapai melebihi 9.0 pada skala Richter adalah pada tahun 2004 di kawasan Indonesia, yang mengakibatkan kadar kematian paling tinggi, iaitu 227,898 orang; diikuti negara Cina pada tahun 2008 seramai 87,652 kematian; dan pada tahun 2011 di Jepun seramai 18,537 kematian. Manakala Filipina mencatatkan jumlah bilangan kecederaan dan kematian yang paling rendah, iaitu hanya melibatkan seorang sahaja. Terdapat hubung-kait yang jelas antara skala magnitud dengan bilangan kecederaan dan kematian (t > 1.96, p < 0.05). Kejadian tsunami jelas boleh memberi kesan terhadap sistem demografik penduduk.

KATA KUNCI: Lautan Pasifik, bencana, tsunami, gempa bumi, negara-negara di persisiran, kecederaan, kematian, dan sistem demografik penduduk.

ABSTRACT: “The Impacts of Tsunami on the Coastal Countries of the Pacific Ocean”. Tsunami is a disaster that threatens beaches around the world that occurs in all oceans of the world, including the Mediterranean, the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and also in the great lakes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the impact of tsunami on the rate of deaths occurring in several countries of the Pacific area. Data were derived from the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) in National Geophysical Data Center. This study is a descriptive study and analyzed using SPSS statistics version 22. The analysis focused on tsunami data that occurred in 18 countries around the Pacific region, which suffered major quake of more than 6.1 richter scale. The result showed that the scale of the highest magnitude ever recorded more than 9.0 richter scale was in 2004 in Indonesia, which carries the highest mortality rate of 227,898 people; followed by China in 2008 with total of deaths, 87,652; and Japan in 2011, around 18,537 deaths were recorded. While Philippines recorded a total number of injuries and deaths as low as only one victim involved in tsunami. There has been a relationship between magnitude scale and the number of death and injury (t > 1.96, p < 0.05). The tsunami tragedy clearly could affect population’s demographic system.

KEY WORD: Pacific ocean, hazards, tsunami, earthquake, coastal countries, injury, death, and population’s demographic system.

About the Authors: Ismail Mat Tahir ialah Pelajar Sarjana Dasar dan Pengurusan Bencana di Pusat Kajian Bencana Asia Tenggara UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia); dan Prof. Dato’ Dr. Shaharuddin Ahmad ialah Pensyarah di Pusat Pengajian Sosial, Pembangunan, dan Persekitaran, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan UKM di Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Alamat emel: ismail.emts@gmail.com

How to cite this article? Mat Tahir, Ismail & Shaharuddin Ahmad. (2014). “Tsunami dan Impaknya ke atas Negara Persisiran Lautan Pasifik” in SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Vol.7(2) November, pp.213-222. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press, UNHAS Makassar, and UNIPA Surabaya, ISSN 1979-0112.

Chronicle of the article: Accepted (October 29, 2014); Revised (November 10, 2014); and Published (November 20, 2014).

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