ABSTRACT: This article discusses the formation of the major governing institutions such as Wazir, Ceteria and Manteri of Brunei in 19^th century. Such institutions, in fact, manifested the long established governing practices. The appointment of Wazir and Ceteria required strict criteria, including a close relationship to the core nobility or even the Sultan’s kin. However, a Manteri was normally appointed from among the non-nobility (meaning: not Pengiran), who achieved excellence in charisma, leadership and/or influence in society. The Wazir consisted of Pengiran Bendahara, Pengiran Pemanca, Pengiran Digadong, and Pengiran Temenggung. Each of these governing institutions was granted elite roles and power under the paramount leadership of the Sultan. Their power, however, was confined to the status granted to them respectively. Their roles were not limited to political affairs, but also to economy, social development, people’s welfare, religion and state customs. The formation of the elite institutions of Wazir, Ceteria and Manteri under the authority of the Sultan had the impact on the social stratification of the ruling class on the one hand, and the ruled on the other, comprising the ordinary members of the population in 19^th century. This governing structure had been designed in such a way that succeeded in uplifting the aura of the Brunei Malay Sultanate as well as buttressing the Sultanate family which prevail in the Malay world.

Key words: institution of Wazir, Ceteria and Menteri, its positions and roles in the Brunei Malay Suiltanate.

About the Author: Dr. Haji Awg Asbol bin Haji Mail ialah Pensyarah di Jabatan Sejarah, Fakulti Sastera dan Sains Sosial UBD (Universiti Brunei Darussalam). Beliau dilahirkan di Limbang, Sarawak, pada 24hb Disember 1955. Menamatkan pengajian Sarjana Muda (B.A.Hons.) dari Universiti Brunei Darussalam pada tahun 1989; berkelulusan Sarjana (M.A.) dari universiti yang sama pada tahun 1996; dan berkelulusan program Doktor (Ph.D.) dari Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pada tahun 2004, dengan menulis disertasi tentang “Kesultanan Brunei Abad ke-19: Sistem Politik dan Struktur Pentadbiran”. Beliau menulis beberapa buku, diantaranya adalah Sejarah Perkembangan Pendidikan di Brunei, 1950-1985 (Brunei Darussalam: Jabatan Pusat Sejarah Brunei, 2006). Untuk kepentingan akademis, beliau dapat dihubungi dengan alamat e-mail: asbolm@fass.ubd.edu.bn

How to cite this article? Haji Mail, Haji Awg Asbol bin. (2008). “Institusi Wazir, Ceteria dan Menteri pada Abad ke-19: Struktur dan Kuasa Elite dalam Pentadbiran di Kesultanan Melayu Brunei” in SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Vol.1, No.1 [Mei]. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press, UPI Bandung, and UMS Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, ISSN 1979-0112, pp.79-114.

Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 28, 2008); Revised (March 26, 2008); and Published (May 20, 2008).

Abdul Latif Haji Ibrahim. (1982). “Peranan Rumah-rumah Perkumpulan dalam Masyarakat Melayu Brunei” dalam Ikhtisar Budaya. Brunei: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Belcher, Edward. (1851). Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Samarang during the Years 1843-46: Employed Surveying the Island of the Eateran Archipelago, Vol.I. London: Reeve.

Blair, Emma Helen & James Alexander Robertson [eds.]. (t.t.). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803, Vol. IV.

Brown, D.E. (1969). “Hugh Low on the History of Brunei” dalam Brunei Museum Journal, Vol.I, No.1.

Brown, D.E. (1970). Brunei: The Structure and History of a Bornean Malay Sultanate. Brunei: The Brunei Museum Brunei, Monograph of the Brunei Museum Journal, Vol.II, No.2.

Brown, D.E. (1974). “Sultan Mumin’s Will and Related Documents” dalam Brunei Museum Journal, Vol.III, No.2.

Butterworth, J.W., the Governor of Prince of Wales Island & C., to the Secretary to the Government of India, Singapore: 14 September 1844, Additional Papers Respecting the Operations Against the Pirates on the North West Coast of Borneo. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 1851, Paper No.29, London: Printed by Harrison and Sons.

Carroll, John S. (1982). “Brunei in the Boxer Codex” dalam Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol.LV, Pt.2.

Dzulfawati Haji Hassan. (1998). Etnografi Sejarah Sosio-Budaya Melanau: Hubungannya dengan Era Brunei. Brunei: Akademi Pengajian Brunei, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Monograf Akademi Pengajian Brunei Bil.1/98 September.

Hajah Joriah Haji Metali. (1998). “Dato Haji Ahmad” dalam Pusaka. Berita Jabatan Pusat Sejarah Brunei, Bil.1.

Haji Awg Asbol bin Haji Mail. (2006). Sejarah Perkembangan Pendidikan di Brunei, 1950-1985. Brunei: Pusat Sejarah.

Irwin, Graham. (1986). Borneo Abad ke Sembilan Belas: Kajian Mengenai Persaingan Diplomatik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Keppel, Henry. (1846). The Expedition to Borneo of H.M.S Dido for the Suppression of Piracy with Extracts form the Journal of James Brooke E.S.Q of Sarawak, Vol.I. London: Chapman & Hall, 186 Strand, Second Editions in two volumes.

Leyden. (1816-1817). “Sketch of Borneo” dalam Asiatic Journal, Vol.II, No.3, XI–XIV.

Leys, Peter. (1968). “Observations on the Brunei Political System, 1883-1885” dalam Journal of the Malaysian Branch Royal Asiatic Society, Vol.XLI, Pt.2.

Low, Hugh. (1848). Sarawak: Its Inhabitants and Productions, Being Notes During a Residen in that Country with His Excellency Mr.Brooke. London: Frank Cass & Co.

Low, Hugh. (1880). “Selesilah (Book of Descent) of the Rajas of Bruni” dalam Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol.V. Singapore: June.

McArthur, M.S.H. (1987). Report on Brunei in 1904: M.S.H McArthur. Ohio: The Center for International Studies, Ohio University.

Mills, L.A. (1960). “Raja Brooke of Sarawak and the Suppression of Piracy in Brunei” dalam Royal Asiatic Society, Vol.XXXIII, Pt. 3, No.191.

Mohd Raus Haji Mohd Amin. (1953). “Hikayat Negeri Brunei” dalam Salam. Brunei: 15 Oktober.

Mohd Raus Haji Mohd Amin. (1953). “Hikayat Negeri Brunei” dalam Salam. Brunei: 22 Oktober.

Mohd Raus Haji Mohd Amin. (1955). “Hikayat Negeri Brunei” dalam Salam. Brunei: 10 September.

Mohd Raus Haji Mohd Amin. (1955). “Hikayat Negeri Brunei” dalam Salam. Brunei: 17 September.

Mundy, Rodney. (1848a). Narrative of Events in Borneo and Celebes Down to the Occupation of Labuan from the Journals of James Brooke ESQ Rajah of Sarawak and Gavernor of Labuan, Vol.I. London: John Murray, Albermarle Street.

Mundy, Rodney. (1848b). Narrative of Events in Borneo and Celebes down to the Occupation of Labuan from the Journals of James Brooke ESQ Rajah of Sarawak and Governor of Labuan, Vol.II. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street.

Nicholl, Robert. (1989). “Some Problems in Brunei Chronology” dalam Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol.XX, No.2.

North Borneo Herald: Official Gazette, Vol.II, No.5 [1 November 1884].

Pehin Haji Mohd Jamil Al Sufri. (1973). Catatan Sejarah Perwira2 dan Pembesar2 Brunei, Bil.2. Brunei: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Pehin Haji Mohd Jamil Al Sufri. (1990). Tarsilah Brunei: Sejarah Awal dan Perkembangan Islam. Brunei: Jabatan Pusat Sejarah.

Pehin Haji Mohd Jamil Al Sufri. (1996). Adat Istiadat Diraja Brunei Darussalam. Brunei: Jabatan Pusat Sejarah.

Pengiran Syahbandar Md Salleh Ibnu Pengiran Sharmayuda, Shaer Rakis. Brunei: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1983

P.M. Yusuf. (1958). Adat Istiadat Diraja Brunei. Brunei: t.pt. [Mac].

P.M. Yusuf. (1975). “Adat Istiadat Diraja Brunei Darussalam“ dalam Brunei Museum Journal, Vol.III, No.3.

Reece, Robert. (1983). “Political Pioneers” dalam Our Sarawak. Kuching: Persatuan Kesusasteraan Sarawak.

Sabihah Osman. (1985). Pentadbiran Bumiputera Sabah, 1881-1941. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Sabihah Osman, Muhammad Hadi Abdullah & Sabullah Haji Hakip. (1995). Sejarah Brunei Menjelang Kemerdekaan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Sandin, Benedict. (1848). The Sea Dayaks of Borneo before White Rajah Rule. London: Mac Millan, Frank Cass & Co.

Sanib Said. (1985). Malay Politics in Sarawak, 1946–1966 : The Search for Unity and Political Ascendancy. Singapore: Oxford University Press.

Saunders, Graham. (1994). A History of Brunei. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

Simat Angas, Suhaili Haji Hassan & Haji Ismail Ibrahim. (1992). Tokoh-tokoh Agama di Brunei Darussalam: Pengenalan Ringkas. Brunei: Jabatan Muzium.

Singh, Ranjit D.S. (1991). Brunei, 1839-1983: The Problems of Political Survival. Singapore: Oxford University Press, reprinted.

Singh, Saran. (1980). “The Coinage of the Sultanate of Brunei, 1400-1980” dalam Brunei Museum Journal, Vol.IV, No.4.

Siti Zaliha Abu Salim. (1992). “Sistem Kehakiman Brunei dan Perbandingannya dengan Sistem Kehakiman Islam”. Tesis Tidak Diterbitkan. Bangi: Ijazah Sarjana Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

St. John, Spenser. (1974a). Life in the Forests of the Far East, Vol.I. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

St. John, Spenser. (1974b). Life in the Forests of the Far East, Vol.II. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

Sweeney, P.L. Amin [ed.]. (1968a). “Silsilah Raja-raja Berunai: Teks A” dalam Journal of the Malaysian Branch Royal Asiatic Society, Vol.XLI, Pt.2.

Sweeney, P.L. Amin [ed.]. (1968b). “Silsilah Raja-raja Berunai: Teks B” dalam Journal of the Malaysian Branch Royal Asiatic Society, Vol.XLI, Pt.2.

Tarling, Nicholas. (1971). Britain, the Brooke and Brunei. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

Templer, John C. [ed.]. (1853). The Private Letters of Sir James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak Narrating the Events of His Life from 1838 to the Present Times, Vol.III. London: Richard Bentley.

Watson, A.C. (1984). “Letters from Brunei Inche Mahomed’s Consular Reports, 1866-1890” dalam Brunei Museum Journal, Vol.V, No.4.

CO (Colonial Office) dan FO (Foreign Office):

“Acting Consul General Treacher to Earl Granville, Brunei: 19 March 1885” dalam C.O., 144/60.

“Borneo”, Vide Asiatic Journal, 1825, dalam C.O., 144/1.

“Brooke to Wise, 14 July 1844” dalam F.O., 12/2.

“Captain Rodney Mundy, 21 January 1847” dalam F.O., 12/5.

“Consul General Leys to Earl Granville, Labuan: 5 May 1883” dalam F.O., 12/29.

“Consul General Leys to Foreign Office, Labuan: 14 December 1885” dalam C.O., 144/59.

“Consul General Leys to the Marquis of Salisbury, Labuan: 9 March 1887” dalam C.O., 144/59.

“Deposition of Sir James Brooke taken upon oath before the Reid Francis Thomas Mac Dougall and Arthur Crookshauk Esquire, Commissioners Appointed to take Evidence in the Petition of Arthur Farquhar Esquire, Commander of Her Majestys’ Sloop albatross in the Court of Indicature of Prince of Wales, Singapore and Malacca: 25 September 1849” dalam F.O., 12/10.

“Edward Belcher, the Letter Sultan of Borneo to Her Majesty the Queen, 10 November 1844” dalam F.O., 12/3.

“From Pengiran Anak Mumin to Lieutenant Goocruor Scott, 20 Safar 1269 H/2 December 1852 M” dalam F.O., 12/14.

“G. Hewett to Marquess of Lansdowne, Confidential No.4, Borneo: 10 March 1902” dalam F.O., 12/120.

“Grant of Territory of Sipitang — Kuala Penyu, 5 November 1884” dalam C.O., 874/54.

“Great Britian Foreign Office General Correpondence — Under Captain Page Narrative of the Distruction of the Sultana and Capitivity Crew in Borneo Proper, 1842” dalam F.O., 12/1.

“High Highness Sultan Abdul Momin of Brunei to His Excellency C.C.Leys, Governor of Labuan and Consul General for Borneo, Brunei: 2 Rabiulakhir 1298 H/3 March 1881 M” dalam F.O., 12/120.

James Brooke. A Vindication of the Character and Proceedings in Reply to th Statements Privately Printed and Circulated by Joseph Hume, Esq, M.P. Addressed to Henry Drummond Esq M.P. London: James Ridgway, 169, Piccadilly, 1853, dalam F.O., 12/13.

James Brooke. Letters from Borneo with Notices of the Country and its Inhabitants. London: L and G Seeley 169, Fleet Street, 1842, dalam F.O., 12/1.

“James Brooke to Henry Wise, Sarawak: 31 August 1846” dalam F.O., 12/15.

“James Brooke to Wise, Labuan: 31 Oktober 1844” dalam F.O., 12/2.

“James Brooke, Memorandum, Singapore: 31 March 1845” dalam F.O., 12/3.

“McArthur to Sir John Anderson, High Commissioner Confidential, No.10, 27 May 1904” dalam F.O., 12/126.

“Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Cochrane to the Secretary of the Admiralty, 9 July 1846” dalam F.O., 12/4.

“Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Cochrane to the Secretary of the Admiralty, 29 July 1846” dalam F.O., 12/4.

“Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II and Pengiran Muda Hashim to James Brooke, Brunei: 6 March 1845” dalam F.O., 12/3.

“The Late Sultan of Brunei to Governor Sir C. Lees, Rabiulakhir 1298 H (1881 M)” dalam C.O., 144/76.

“Treacher to Alfred Dent, 18 November 1881, Governor’s Despatch, 54/1881” dalam C.O., 874/228.

“Treacher to Foreign Office, 17 January 1885” dalam C.O., 144/59.