ABSTRACT: This research aims at finding out the remedies for the disease of arrogance/pride that has been rampant among the people in contemporary Muslim world, particularly Nigerian Muslim society. The analysis is not on words and terms, but rather on meaning and ideas with analysis and explanations given by the “Mufassirun” and other scholars. ‘Uthman bin Foduye emerged in nineteenth-century with the mission to revive the Sunnah, and to eradicate innovations in Hausaland (West Africa) caused by the deviant teachings. This is the reason why he wrote on spiritual diseases in his book related to healing of the soul. ‘Uthman bin Foduye was influenced by al-Ghazali and particularly his book on “Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din” (Revival of the Religious Sciences). He wrote this treaty in order to make it easier for the people to know the destructive evils of the heart, so as to do what Allah loves and accepts, since pride is one of the attributes of Allah alone. The appearance of the British destroyed the Sokoto Caliphate in Northern-Nigeria and burnt many of Uthman bin Foduye’s books, including the “Shifa 'al-Nufus” (Healing of the Soul), for fear that his works will inspire his followers people to rise against the oppressors.

KEY WORD: Diseases and remedies, arrogance and pride, Uthman bin Foduye, healing of the soul, al-Ghazali, revive the Islam, West Africa, British, and rise against the oppressors.

ABSTRAKSI: “Penyakit dan Pengubatan Al-Kibr (Kesombongan/Kebanggaan Diri) dalam Cahaya Shifa 'al-Nufus (Penyembuhan Jiwa)-nya Uthman bin Foduye”. Kajian ini mau mencari tahu ubat bagi penyakit sombong/bangga diri yang telah berleluasa di kalangan rakyat di dunia Islam masa kini, terutamanya masyarakat Islam Nigeria. Analisis ini tidak disenaraikan dalam kata-kata dan istilah, tetapi pada makna dan idea dengan analisis dan penjelasan yang diberikan oleh Mufassirun dan ulama yang lain. 'Uthman bin Foduye muncul pada abad ke-19 dengan misi untuk menghidupkan semula Sunnah, dan untuk membasmi amalan bid’ah di Hausaland (Afrika Barat) yang disebabkan oleh ajaran sesat. Ini adalah sebab mengapa dia menulis mengenai penyakit rohani dalam bukunya bersabit penyembuhan jiwa. 'Uthman bin Foduye dipengaruhi oleh al-Ghazali dan terutamanya buku “Ihya 'Ulum al-Din” (Kebangkitan Ilmu-ilmu Agama). Beliau menulis risalah ini untuk membuat ianya lebih mudah bagi rakyat supaya tahu keburukan yang merosakan hati, untuk melakukan apa yang Allah suka dan menerima, kerana kebanggaan diri setakat milik Allah semata-mata. Kemunculan British telah menghancurkan Khilafah Sokoto di wilayah Utara-Nigeria dan British pula telah membakar banyak buku karangan Uthman bin Foduye, termasuk “Shifa 'al-Nufus”, kerana British takut bahawa karya-karya Uthman bin Foduye ini akan memberi inspirasi kepada para pengikut dan kaumnya untuk bangkit melawan para penindas.

KATA KUNCI: Penyakit dan pengubatan, sombong/bangga diri, Uthman bin Foduye, penyembuhan jiwa, al-Ghazali, menghidupkan semula Islam, Afrika Barat, British, dan bangkit melawan penindas.

About the Authors: Shuaibu Umar Gokaru is a Lecturer at the Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts and Education BSU (Bauchi State University) in Gadau, Nigeria; and Ph.D. Candidate at the Department of Islamic History and Civilization, Academy of Islamic Studies UM (University of Malaya), 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dr. Aizan Ali @ Matzin is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Islamic History and Civilization, Academy of Islamic Studies UM (University of Malaya), 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails address: gokarushuaibu@gmail.com and aizan@um.edu.my

How to cite this article? Gokaru, Shuaibu Umar & Aizan Ali @ Matzin. (2016). “Diseases and Remedies of Al-Kibr in the Light of Uthman bin Foduye’s Shifa’ al-Nufus” in INSANCITA: Journal of Islamic Studies in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, Vol.1(1), February, pp.67-80. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press, ISSN 2443-1776.

Chronicle of the article: Accepted (June 4, 2015); Revised (November 10, 2015); and Published (February 5, 2016).

diseases and remedies; arrogance and pride; Uthman bin Foduye; healing of the soul; al-Ghazali; revive the Islam; West Africa; British; rise against the oppressors

Abbas, Azan. (2011). “Arrogance / Types of Arrogance / Remedies for Arrogance”. Available online also at: http://dawahblog.wordpress.com/2011/06/05/arrogance/arrogance1/ [accessed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: October 29, 2015].

Abdullah, M. (2014). “The Journey of the Heart: Combating Spiritual Diseases of the Heart, Part 3”. Available online also at: http://www.onislam.net/english/reading-islam/living-islam/growing-in-faith/472599-combating-spiritual-diseases-of-the-heart.html [accessed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: August 1, 2015].

Abi Dharr, M.M. (2015). “Jami’ al-Sa’adat: The Collector of Fecilities”. Available online also at: www.Al-Islam.org, published and organized by Islamic Propagation Organization.

Abdul-Baqi, Muhammad Fu’ad. (2013). Al-Mu’jam al-Mufahras li al-Faz al-Qur’an. Istanbul: Al-Makhtabah al-Islamiyyah, translated by Mahmud Thahhan.

Abu Aziz, Sa’ad Yusuf. (2011). Al-Ruqiyyah al-Shar’iyyah fil Qur’an al-Karim wa al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah. Cairo: Dar al-Taufiyqiyyah Li al-Turath.

Abu Dawud, Sulaiman ibn al-‘Ash‘as. (n.y.). Sunan Abi Dawud. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab ‘Arabi.

Abul Husain, Muslim ibn Hajjaj. (n.y.). ØaÍiÍ Muslim. Beirut: Ar al-‘AFaq al-Jadidah.

Adam, 'Abdullah al-Ilori. (2013). Al-Islam fī Naijiriya wa-'Uthman ibn Fudi. Cairo: Abd al-Hamid Ahmad Hanafi Press, reviewed and edited by S.A. Rufa’i.

Ahmad, F. (2012). Purification of the Soul. London: Al-Firdaus Ltd., edited by Rowland F. Amy.

Ahmad, ZulfiqÉr. (2013). “Purification of the Soul”. Available online also at: http://www.tasawwuf.org [accessed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: April 30, 2013].

al-Asfahini, Raghib. (2014). Mu’jam Mufradat al-Faz al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, edited by Nadeem Marashli.

al-Dhahabi, Muhammad Shams Uddin. (2012). The Major Sins. London: Dar al-Taqwa, translated by Aisha Bewley and edited by Abdul-Haq Bewley & Muhammad Isa.

al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad. (1995). IÍya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, Vol.III. New Delhi: Islamic Book Services, translated by Al-Haj Maulana Fazlul-Karim.

al-Hajj, M.A. (2013). “The Writings of Shehu ‘Uthman Dan Fodio” in Kano Studies, 1(2). Nigeria.

al-Hajjaj, Muslim bin. (2010). ØahiÍ Muslim: English Translation. Pakistan: Dar al-Salam, translated by Abdul Hamid Siddiqui and edited by Mika’il Almany.

al-Hilali, Muhammad T. & Muhammad M. Khan. (2010). Translation of the Meaning of the Noble Qur’an in the English Language. Madinah KSA [Kingdom of Saudi Arabia]: King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur’an.

al-Jawziyyah, Ibn Qayyim. (751 AH). Kitab al-Ruh. Amman: Dar al-Fikr, critically edited by Abdul-Fatah Mahmud ‘Umar.

al-Jawziyyah, Ibn Qayyim. (2003). The Medicine of the Prophet. Bermingham: Dar´ al-Ghaddi al-JadÊd, translated by AbdulQadir son of Abdul-Aziz.

al-Jawziyyah, A.F. (n.y.). Disciplining the Soul. Birmingham: Dar al-Sunnah.

al-Kadri, Muhammad T. (2010). Healthy Heart: Islam and Prevention of Heart Diseases. Russia: Dilya.

al-Maududi, Sayyid Abul Ala. (2013). “Tafhim Al-Qur´an: English Translation”. Available online also at: http://www.englishtafsir.com [accessed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: April 30, 2015].

Al-Maurid. (2010). Arabic-English Dictionary. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Ilm Lilmalayin,

al-Nawawi, Imam. (n.y.). “Reverence towards the Sanctity of the Muslim” in Riyad al-ØaliÍin, Chapter 27. Pakistan: Dar al-Salam.

al-Razi, Fakhruddin. (n.y.). Al-Tafsir al-Kabir. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi.

al-Sa‘adi, Abdurrahman ibn Nasir. (2014). Tafsir al-Karim al-Rahman fi Tafsir Kalam al-Mannan. n.c. [no city]: Mu’assasah al-Risalah.

al-Ùabari, Abi Ja‘afar Muhammad ibn Jarir. (n.y.). Jami al-Bayan fi-Tafsir Al-Qur’an. Dar al-Hijr, KSA [Kingdom of Saudi Arabia]: n.p. [no publisher].

Basit Khan, Abdul. (2014). “A Short of the Battle of Badr”. Available online also at: www.muslimyouthmusings.com/the-battle of badr/ [accessed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: June 19, 2015].

Bugaje, ‘Usman Muhammad. (2010). “The Contents, Method, and Impacts of Shaykh ‘UthmÉn Dan Fodio’s Teachings (1774-1804)”. Unpublished Master’s Degree Thesis. Kharthoum: University of Kharthoum.

Dammen, Jane. (n.y.). Encyclopedia of the Qur’an. Boston-Kol, Netherland: n.p. [no publisher].

Fodio, Sheikh ‘Usman Dan. (2012). Bayan Wujub al-Hijrah ‘Alal-‘Ibad (Statement about the Obligation of Migration for People). Khartoum: Oxford University Press, edited and translated by F.H. el-Masri.

Foduye, ‘Uthman bin. (n.y.). Kitab Shifa al-Nufus. Sokoto, Nigeria: Masallacin Shehu.

Fudi, Abdullah bin. (1957). “Idah al-Nusukh: Edited by M. Hiskett” in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol.XIX, pp.551-559.

ibn Hanbal, Ahmad. (2013). Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal. Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islami.

ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmad ibn Abdul Halim ibn Abdussalam. (n.y.). Majmu‘ al-Fatawah, Vol.10. Egypt: Dar al-Wafa, edited by ‘Amir al-Jazzar & Anwar al-Baz.

Jasser, Z. (2012). A Battle for the Soul of Islam: An American Muslim Patriot’s Fight to Save His Faith. USA [United States of America]: Threshold Edition.

Javadi-Amoli, A. (2012). Mafatih al-Hayat. Qom: Asra Publication.

Kandhelwi, Muhammad Z. (2010). The Inseparability of Shari’ah & Tariqah: Islamic Law & Purification of the Heart. USA [United States of America]: Madania Publications.

Mar’iy, Muhammad H. (2010). Al-Tibbu al-Badiyl. Cairo: Dar al-Tawfiyqiyyah.

Milani, Ayatollah Sayyid A. (2015). A Critical Assessment of Sahih Al-Bukhari and Muslim. USA [United States of America]: Spring, Create Publishing Platform.

Mohahed, Y. (2012). Reclaim Your Heart. Spain: FB Publishing.

Muhammad, M. (n.y.). “Jami al-Sa‘adat” in Al-Tawhid: Islamic Journal, published by Islamic Republic of Iran.

Muhammad, J. (2013). “Danfodio’s Islamic Reform and the Lessons for British Muslims”. Available online also at: http://www.nmfuk.org/danfodio.htm [accessed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: September 30, 2015].

Muhsin, M. (2010). Summarized Sahih al-Bukhari: Standard Size, Arabic-English. Houston Texas, USA [United States of America]: Darr al-Salam.

Perkins, J. (2012). Islam, Arrogance, and Delusion: A Reply Like People Waleed Aly. Australia: Vivid Publishing.

Picken, G. (2011). Spritual Purification in Islam: The Life and Works of Al-Muhasabi. London: Routledge.

Qutb, Sayyid. (2010). In the Shade of teh Qur’an: Complete English Translation. Leicester, UK [United Kingdom]: Islamic Foundation, translated and edited by M.A. Salahi & A. Shamis.

Shuttleworth, M. (2013). “Islamic Medicine Explorable”. Available online also at: https://explorable.com/islamic-medicine [accessed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: August 4, 2015].

Siddiqi, Muzammil H. (2013). “Spiritual Diseases: Remedy”. Khutbah or Preaching at the Islamic Society of Orange Coutry in USA [United States of America]. Available online also at: http://www.onIslam.net/english/ask-the-scholar/morals-andmannaers/.../169620.html [accessed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: March 30, 2015].

Taymiyyah, Ibn. (n.y.). Diseases of the Hearts and Their Cure. Birmingham UK [United Kingdom]: Daarussalam Publishers, translated by Abu Rumaysah.

Umar, M. (2011). “Welcome to Islam: A Step by Step Guide for Near Muslims”. Available online also at: www.welcometoislam.com [accessed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: August 3, 2015].